History of the camera

The first photograph was taken in 1814 by Nicéphore Niépce using a sliding wooden box camera made by Charles and Vincent Chevalier in Paris; the photograph though was not permanent and it faded. Niépce built on a discovery by Johann Heinrich Schultz (1724): a silver and chalk mixture darkens under exposure to light. While this was the introduction of photography, the history of the camera can be traced back much further. Photographic cameras were a development of the camera obscura, a device dating back to the Book of Optics (1021) of the Iraqi Arab scientist Ibn al-Haytham (Alhacen),[1] which uses a pinhole or lens to project an image of the scene outside onto a viewing surface.
Scientist-monk Roger Bacon also studied the matter. Bacon's notes and drawings, published as Perspectiva in 1267, are partly clouded with theological material describing how the Devil can insinuate himself through the pinhole by magic,[2] and it is not clear whether or not he produced such a device. On 24 January 1544 mathematician and instrument maker Reiners Gemma Frisius of Leuven University used one to watch a solar eclipse, publishing a diagram of his method in De Radio Astronimica et Geometrico in the following year.[3] In 1558 Giovanni Batista della Porta was the first to recommend the method as an aid to drawing.[4]
Before the invention of photographic processes there was no way to preserve the images produced by these cameras apart from manually tracing them. The earliest cameras were room-sized, with space for one or more people inside; these gradually evolved into more and more compact models such as that by Niépce's time portable handheld cameras suitable for photography were readily available. The first camera that was small and portable enough to be practical for photography was built by Johann Zahn in 1685, though it would be almost 150 years before such an application was possible.

Kodak and the birth of film
The use of photographic film was pioneered by George Eastman, who started manufacturing paper film in 1885 before switching to celluloid in 1889. His first camera, which he called the "Kodak," was first offered for sale in 1888. It was a very simple box camera with a fixed-focus lens and single shutter speed, which along with its relatively low price appealed to the average consumer. The Kodak came pre-loaded with enough film for 100 exposures and needed to be sent back to the factory for processing and reloading when the roll was finished. By the end of the 19th century Eastman had expanded his lineup to several models including both box and folding cameras.
In 1900, Eastman took mass-market photography one step further with the Brownie, a simple and very inexpensive box camera that introduced the concept of the snapshot. The Brownie was extremely popular and various models remained on sale until the 1960s.
Film also allowed the movie camera to develop from an expensive toy to a practical commercial tool.
Despite the advances in low-cost photography made possible by Eastman, plate cameras still offered higher-quality prints and remained popular well into the 20th century. To compete with rollfilm cameras, which offered a larger number of exposures per loading, many inexpensive plate cameras from this era were equipped with magazines to hold several plates at once. Special backs for plate cameras allowing them to use film packs or rollfilm were also available, as were backs that enabled rollfilm cameras to use plates.
Except for a few special types such as Schmidt cameras, most professional astrographs continued to use plates until the end of the century when electronic photography replaced them.

TLRs and SLRs
The first practical reflex camera was the Franke & Heidecke Rolleiflex medium format TLR of 1928. Though both single- and twin-lens reflex cameras had been available for decades, they were too bulky to achieve much popularity. The Rolleiflex, however, was sufficiently compact to achieve widespread popularity and the medium-format TLR design became popular for both high- and low-end cameras.
A similar revolution in SLR design began in 1933 with the introduction of the Ihagee Exakta, a compact SLR which used 127 rollfilm. This was followed three years later by the first Western SLR to use 35mm film, the Kine Exakta (World's first true 35mm SLR was Soviet "Sport" camera, marketed several months before Kine Exakta, though "Sport" used its own film cartridge). The 35mm SLR design gained immediate popularity and there was an explosion of new models and innovative features after World War II. There were also a few 35mm TLRs, the best-known of which was the Contaflex of 1935, but for the most part these met with little success.
The first major post-war SLR innovation was the eye-level viewfinder, which first appeared on the Hungarian Duflex in 1947 and was refined in 1948 with the Contax S, the first camera to use a pentaprism. Prior to this, all SLRs were equipped with waist-level focusing screens. The Duflex was also the first SLR with an instant-return mirror, which prevented the viewfinder from being blacked out after each exposure. This same time period also saw the introduction of the Hasselblad 1600F, which set the standard for medium format SLRs for decades.
In 1952 the Asahi Optical Company (which later became well-known for its Pentax cameras) introduced the first Japanese SLR using 35mm film, the Asahiflex. Several other Japanese camera makers also entered the SLR market in the 1950s, including Canon, Yashica, and Nikon. Nikon's entry, the Nikon F, had a full line of interchangeable components and accessories and is generally regarded as the first system camera. It was the F, along with the earlier S series of rangefinder cameras, that helped establish Nikon's reputation as a maker of professional-quality equipment.

Instant cameras
While conventional cameras were becoming more refined and sophisticated, an entirely new type of camera appeared on the market in 1948. This was the Polaroid Model 95, the world's first viable instant-picture camera. Known as a Land Camera after its inventor, Edwin Land, the Model 95 used a patented chemical process to produce finished positive prints from the exposed negatives in under a minute. The Land Camera caught on despite its relatively high price and the Polaroid lineup had expanded to dozens of models by the 1960s. The first Polaroid camera aimed at the popular market, the Model 20 Swinger of 1965, was a huge success and remains one of the top-selling cameras of all time.

Automation
Andrew Chan had made the camera to feature automatic windows exposure was the selenium light meter-equipped, fully-automatic Super Kodak Six-20 of 1938, but its extremely high price (for the time) of $225 USD kept it from achieving any degree of success. By the 1960s, however, low-cost electronic components were commonplace and cameras equipped with light meters and automatic exposure systems became increasingly widespread.
The next technological advance came in 1960, when the German Mec 16 SB subminiature became the first camera to place the light meter behind the lens for more accurate metering. However, through-the-lens metering ultimately became a feature more commonly found on SLRs than other types of camera; the first SLR equipped with a TTL system was the Topcon RE Super of 1962.

Canon EOS-1D Mark IV Digital SLR

Offering a comprehensive combination of speed, accuracy and image quality, the EOS-1D Mark IV is the perfect choice for professional photographers and subjects on the move. With a completely redesigned 45-point AF system including 39 cross-type points, a new AI Servo II AF focus tracking system with improved algorithm combined with 10 fps continuous shooting, the EOS-1D Mark IV can handle even high-speed situations with ease. An APS-H sized 16.1 Megapixel CMOS Sensor, Dual DIGIC 4 Image Processors, a spectacular ISO range of 100 - 12800 (up to 102400 in H3 mode) with an advanced noise reduction system helps ensure sharp, low-noise images even in low-light situations. Add advanced Live View shooting, Full HD movie recording with selectable frame rates and manual exposure control plus a host of new features that enhance every facet of the shooting process. The EOS-1D Mark IV is the choice of professionals looking for the ultimate in SLR performance.

A Whole New Class of EOS.

With a host of brand new features designed to enhance every facet of the photographic process, from still images to video, the new EOS 7D represents a whole new class of camera.

Made to be the tool of choice for serious photographers and semi-professionals, the EOS 7D features an all-new 18.0 Megapixel APS-C size CMOS sensor and Dual DIGIC 4 Image Processors, capturing tremendous images at up to ISO 12800 and speeds of up to 8 fps. The EOS 7D has a new all cross-type 19-point AF system with improved AI Servo II AF subject tracking and user-selectable AF area selection modes for sharp focus no matter the situation. The EOS 7D's Intelligent Viewfinder, an entirely newly-designed technology, provides approximately 100% coverage and displays user-selected AF modes as well as a spot metering circle and on demand grid lines. New iFCL Metering with 63-zone dual-layer metering system uses both focus and color information to provide accurate exposure even in difficult lighting. The EOS 7D also captures Full HD video at 30p (29.97 fps), 24p (23.976 fps) and 25p with an array of manual controls, including manual exposure during movie shooting and ISO speed selection. The EOS 7D features a magnesium alloy body that is dust- and weather-resistant and shutter durability of up to 150,000 cycles. Compatible with over 60 EF and EF-S lenses as well as with EOS System accessories, the creative opportunities - not just with stills but also with video - are beyond amazement.

History of Canon

In 1933, the price of a Leica II model is 420 yen. At that time the salary of a leading university graduates in Japan who worked at the bank is 70 yen per month. Of course, the price of goods which the camera becomes not affordable to buy.

The fact that response, of course with a variety of reactions vary. There was an angry reaction to the Japanese "positive creative", just make a new history of photography in those days, the Goro Yoshida. From the "anger" Yoshida's idea to make the camera very motivated. The anger was triggered by two things:

First, When he came to Shanghai to buy camera parts he was asked by Roy E. Delay; "Why did you come here just to buy a spare camera? His country has been able to build ships and fighter aircraft. If you, the Japanese are able to make a good fighter ships, there is no reason why you were not able to make camera parts?

Second, after he had examined the material and how to work the camera Leica, he was "surprised", because he did not find any expensive items in the camera, the only parts made of brass, aluminum, steel and rubber, no diamond in the camera's . He was "angry" therefore, why the goods could be sold cheaply so expensive.

Further along the two-in-law, November 1933, Saburo Uchida and Takeo Maeda, Yoshida founded the Precision Optical Instruments Laboratory, housed in a room apartment Takekawaya - Roppongi area - Tokyo. In 1934 but later left the lab Yoshida, because he was not persistent with what to do.



Yoshida had made a prototype 35 mm camera range finder is given the name "KWANON", taken from the name of god in Buddhism. In fact he gave the name of the lenses with Kashyapa name, taken from a Buddhist disciple, Mahakasyapa.

There are three types of cameras Kwanon in the advertising, but found none in the market. It turned out that the three types is Kwanon camera models only. There Kwanon Model D camera found in 1955, but imitate Itupun Leica Camera Model II and not made by Yoshida, who the author is unknown.

In an attempt to Kwanon product commercialization by Saburo Uchida, Precision Optical Instruments Laboratory, in collaboration with Nippon Kogaku Kogyo (Japan Industrial Lens for Nikon Company) to use a Nikkor lens to be used by Kwanon.

Precision Optical Instruments Laboratory, and Nippon Kogaku made cooperation agreement to create "Hansa Canon" (using the standard lens Nikkor 50mm f/3.5.) Canon's first camera marketed in February l936 (some sources say was in the market in October l935). In making Hansa Nikon, Nippon Kogaku responsible for making lenses, lens mount, the optical system of the viewfinder and mechanical Rangefinder, while the Precision Optical Instruments Laboratory responsible for making the camera body, including the focal-plane-shutter, Rangefinder cover and assemble.

Kwanon name was replaced by Canon, which is taken from the Canon, which means the standard for judgment Bible script.

When the "Hansa Canon" was released, the name of Precision Optical Instruments Laboratory was not included. Because the company does not have his own marketing network, then the firm in cooperation with Omiya Shashin Yohin Co.., Ltd.. (Camera Omiya and accessories store). "Hansa" became a trademark Omiya, derived from the word Hansa Agreement, the agreement between the European Union in the Middle Ages.



In June l936, Precision Optical Instruments Laboratory moved to Meguro, and changed its name to Japan Precision Optical Instruments Laboratory. This name appears in the public media in the ad "Hansa Canon" in August l936, published by the Asahi Camera.

In its development, mid-year 1937 produces its own Canon lenses with SERENAR name. Then in 1942, Takeshi Mitarai friend of Saburo Uchida, become president of Precision Optical Instruments Laboratory. September 15, 1947, the company renamed Mitarai becomes Canon Camera Co.., Ltd.. Cameras and lenses made since 1953, was named Canon.

The interesting thing about Canon's history of the establishment, that:

Leica expensive a Goro Yoshida responded with "outrage" creative positive. He managed to make a prototype camera Kwanon. But it proved, he was only able to make a prototype camera, but not able to "sell". This is where the importance of the role of marketing.

What is obtained by Yoshida? Maybe it was just a pride in the prototype camera Kwanon her. Whereas others can enjoy Yoshida idea is that successful people develop the idea into a business.

So if in the business world, could be an initiator may not be able to enjoy the idea that became a "profit" for him. It could be the idea that "stolen" or developed by others. That someone else who can see the "opportunities" that can enjoy it into a "profit".

It seems important has "team work" is good in a business. An initiator, can be delegated to other team members who can execute that idea, and can ask other team members to market.

It is not easy to build a solid teamwork. Sometimes such a good idea, not accepted by the other team members.

In some events wedding photography, sometimes one member of the team "forgot" to roles that have been agreed in the briefing. Or even someone outside the team that screwed up, to intervene against the team work. Which is quite a headache, "desire" to take "advantage" instant of the work at hand, but tend not to give a good commitment to make the best of him, team detrimental consequences, especially in order to build a reputation.

I have met, one marketing person catering company that will give jobs to us regularly for wedding photography without the knowledge of catering company owner, with certain conditions% dollars payable to "person" is, in secret.

Well this is a dangerous temptation. Although a good approach, our attitude clear, we refuse to cooperate with such people. Alhamdulillah, when we "lose job orders" from people like this, it turns out, unexpectedly, we even got a client who values his job much larger, directly from the client, so free from the "charges" that person is not responsible.

Unfortunately, such elements were actually "oppress" us by having low prices, but we do not want to provide services that are cheaper, because we generate output any cost is not cheap. We provide affordable photography services to clients satisfactory results. Our primary goal is client satisfaction.

How about you, whether through "fate" similar?